目的 研究水下爆炸物理现象,提升未来水下装备的毁伤和防护能力。方法 建立使用有限体积方法（FVM）求解基于体积分数（VOF）的无黏多相欧拉方程的水下爆炸数值模拟方法,其对气泡半径和脉动周期的模拟结果与经验公式值偏差小于5%,也能准确模拟冲击波的传播过程。结果 计算了不同网格密度、炸药形状和水深的水下爆炸算例,得出了计算大水深爆炸问题的网格需求,并研究了VOF方法捕捉气液界面效果的参数影响。结论 大水深条件下,VOF方法捕捉的气液界面对炸药初始形状较为敏感,捕捉的气液界面在第2个气泡周期的收缩段会产生较大耗散,影响后续计算,气液界面的捕捉效果随水深减小逐渐提高。在本文算例条件下,水深减小到200 m时,捕捉的气泡整体形状直到第3个气泡周期的仍具有实际意义。
Abstract
The work aims to study the underwater explosion (UNDEX) phenomena to enhance the damage and defense capabilities of future underwater equipment. A numerical simulation method for UNDEX was established, which employed the Finite Volume Method (FVM) to solve the inviscid multiphase Euler equations coupled with the Volume of Fluid (VOF) approach. As long as deviation between the empirical values in bubble radius and pulsation cycles was less than 5%, the method could accurately reproduce shock wave propagation dynamics. UNDEX cases with varying mesh densities, charge shapes, and water depths were calculated. The mesh requirements for large-depth explosion problems were determined, and the parameter effects on the VOF method's gas-liquid interface capture capability were analyzed. In conclusion, under large-depth conditions, the accuracy of the VOF-captured gas-liquid interface exhibits strong dependence on the initial charge geometry. The captured gas-liquid interface exhibits significant dissipation during the contraction phase of the second bubble cycle, which affects subsequent calculations. The capture effect of the gas-liquid interface gradually improves as the water depth decreases. Under the conditions of this paper, the captured overall shape of the bubble still has practical significance up to the third bubble cycle when the water depth is reduced to 200 meters.
关键词
水下爆炸 /
可压缩多相流 /
VOF方法 /
气泡脉动 /
气液界面捕捉 /
有限体积方法
Key words
underwater explosion /
compressible multiphase flow /
VOF method /
bubble pulsation /
gas-liquid interfaces capturing /
FVM
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